Therefore, the main contribution of the research is the comparison of existing resilience metrics and the selection of the practically usable quantitative metric that allows manufacturers to start assessing the resilience in digitally supported human-centered workstations more easily. Resilience as the measure to characterize preparedness against disruptions is a concept with various numerical approaches, but still lacking in the industry standard. The study confirms that two-mode architecture presents unique advantages for constantly changing driving cycles and vehicle payloads and represents the future of hybrid vehicle technology.Manufacturing companies’ preparedness level against external and internal disruptions is complex to assess due to a lack of widely recognized or standardized models. Development and optimization of the control strategy, which is the direction of the current research, should allow for additional improvement in fuel economy optimization of vehicular components could result in improvements in acceleration ability, gradeability, and top speed performance, which lags behind the performance capabilities of the conventional powertrain vehicle in these metrics. Furthermore, the one-mode design is shown to be sub-optimal for this vehicle type. The results demonstrate that the two-mode architecture provides significantly improved performance to that of the conventional non-hybrid design and comparable performance to that of the parallel-full hybrid design. The vehicle model uses a module developed in-house for a Kenworth T400 truck with a payload that varies from empty to completely full. The fuel economy was measured over the course of the drive cycles: (1) Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule for Heavy Duty Vehicles (UDDSHDV) (2) New York City Truck (NYCT) (3) City-Suburban Heavy Vehicle Route (CSHVR) and (4) Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET). A configuration that is a variation of those designed by GM-Allison was chosen as the representative of the two-mode architectures. ![]() Simulations in the NREL ADVISOR ® software compare the performances of the one-and two-mode architectures against a parallel-full design and the ICE baseline for four different drive cycles and a vehicle with varying weight that simulates a commercial vehicle application. This work provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in two-mode hybrid vehicle architectures, and demonstrates the performance of this technology in comparison to the market-leading Toyota Prius one-mode hybrid vehicle technology and conventional ICE technology. ![]() GM-Allison, Renault, and the Timken Company have attempted to capitalize on the advantages over simpler series and parallel architectures that the series-parallel configuration confers on the Prius while also improving the design by allowing the powertrain configuration to physically shift and operate in two different modes depending on the driving load. Hybrid vehicle technology is beginning to make a significant mark in the automotive industry, most notably by the Toyota Prius THS-II and its one-mode technology, but also by two-mode architectures recently introduced.
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